Caution:
All contents of this document are the property of Intellectual Property (IP) copyright of Focus archipelago, is prohibited to copy or move into the form, format or media whatsoever without the prior written consent (written consent) from Focus archipelago.
Term exposure in photography can not be separated from the main factor in the photography itself is light (light). In theory exposure photography is defined as the amount of light that is allowed on the medium of film or sensor. The more light on the film or sensor then the resulting image will be brighter, and vice versa. When a photograph becomes too bright, the image is called over-exposure, are photos that are too dark so-called under-exposure. To regulate the entry of light into the camera, there are two main components, namely the shutter and aperture.
Shutter
Shutter function as a component of determining how much light is allowed to hit the sensor. At the moment the shutter button is pressed, the shutter will be open for a while and then close again. The time required for the shutter is open until closing hereinafter referred to as the shutter speed (shutter speed). The shutter speed can be set on the camera, ranging from the highest to the lowest value (this value varies for each type of camera). The faster the shutter opened the less light that can be included, otherwise the longer the shutter is open, the more light to enter the camera. Available shutter speed value (in seconds) is in the form of raw multiples rows as follows:
From the series above we can see that multiples of this value is a multiple of two. So 1/30 seconds is two times slower than 1/60 sec, so if the value of the shutter on the camera was changed from 1/60 sec to 1/30 sec means the amount of light that enters the camera plus two times more than before. Likewise 1/500 sec was two times faster than 1/250 sec, so if the value changed from 1/250 sec shutter becomes 1/500 sec it means reduced amount of light entering from the previous half.
Besides useful to set the brightness of a photo, be creative with the next shutter speed can produce images of high-speed and slow-speed photograph which both have their own uniqueness and artistic value. Just use the shutter speed is too slow required a tripod to prevent blurry photos due to hand shake when shooting.
Aperture
Second exposure control is the aperture. Aperture is a part of the lens in a hole that can grow and shrink (commonly called the aperture or diaphragm), where the greater the opening then the more light that can enter, otherwise the smaller the opening, the light that can enter the less. The size of the aperture This is expressed in f-number, where the f-number large and small states bukaaan large f-number states small openings. F-number standard for modern lens is as follows (in order of largest to smallest aperture):
The concept of light settings by changing the lens aperture is a bit more complicated to understand. First keep in mind, the above sequence is a multiple of the stop or the Exposure Value (EV). If we increase the aperture by one stop (eg from f / 11 to f / 8) means that we increase the amount of light that enters the camera doubled, while if we turn down the lens aperture by one stop (eg from f / 2.8 to f / 4) means that we reduce the amount of light coming into the camera as much as half.
Second, for a more precise setting, the diaphragm in a modern lens capable set in smaller steps, generally a multiple of 1/2 and 1/3 stop. For example, between f / 2.8 to f / 8 there are some f-number multiple of 1/3 with a stop (marked in blue), namely:
From the sequence above, it appears that turns between f / 2.8 and f / 4 is still available two f-number, which represented 1/3 EV is f / 3.2 and f / 3.5. Thus we have the flexibility to control the opening of the finer and more precise.
In addition to a control brightness of a photo, be creative with the lens aperture wide variation also determines the depth image or depth-of-field. Photos taken using a large aperture will give background blur (out of focus), while a small aperture will give a sharp background.
ISO
In addition to the above two components, there is one more factor that played a role in determining exposure, ie the sensitivity of the film or sensor is commonly referred to as ASA or ISO. The sensitivity level is expressed in numbers and also made following the series multiples of two (one stop), namely:
ISO 100 to ISO low (as well as a default ISO value) and the value of the sensitivity of the sensor is located at the lowest value. To make the sensor more sensitive to light, ISO value can be raised to a higher ISO values. When the ISO is increased, the sensor output voltage signal is made larger so that the camera becomes more sensitive to light. In theory, if the ISO is increased as much as one-stop means the sensor sensitivity is increased by two-fold. In everyday use, the ISO is used can use the default values in the low ISO (eg ISO 100). Higher ISO takes on two conditions, first during low-light or use in low light. Second, high ISO is required when we need a faster shutter speed. For example when using ISO 100 value obtained shutter speed is 1/500 seconds, then if the ISO is increased one stop to ISO 200 that occurs is the shutter speed is also up one stop to 1/1000 sec (assuming the lens aperture is not changed). But keep in mind that high ISO also carries consequences of noise in the picture. For film cameras, ASA value determined on film that we use so as to change the value of ASA we have to replace the film used.
Reciprocity
Set the exposure can be done manually or automatically (determined by the camera). In most compact cameras, we can not determine the value of the shutter speed or aperture. There was even a camera that does not allow us to set the ISO value, aka the camera automatically determines the ISO of each photo that we took. However, when the available camera manual exposure control, we can create adjust the exposure for each photo will take. Setting the shutter speed, aperture and ISO value right will synergize to gain exposure we want.
In practice in the field, we can produce multiple images with the same exposure generated when wearing a pair of variation shutter and aperture values are varied. For example a photograph taken with a shutter speed of 1/125 sec and aperture f / 5.6 and we want to produce another photo exposure to the same but different settings. So we can do is:
Lowering the shutter speed becomes 1/60 seconds (one stop slower) and shrink the aperture to f / 8 (one stop smaller).
Raise the shutter speed becomes 1/250 sec (one stop faster) and enlarge the aperture to f / 4 (one stop larger).
It appears that the first option we see by slowing down the shutter speed one stop means we make so much brighter picture, then to get the right exposure, we have to turn down the lens aperture to compensate.
While the second option is the opposite. By increasing the shutter speed means that we make the picture became darker and to get the right exposure, should be offset by increasing the aperture.
So when we expose the sensor for a longer time, then on the other side we have to turn down the lens aperture to reduce the incoming light so that it can obtain the same exposure value. In short, if you are a plus, the other must be reduced, so that the end result remains the same akaan. This is called the principle of reciprocity in the theory of photography. (EM)
All contents of this document are the property of Intellectual Property (IP) copyright of Focus archipelago, is prohibited to copy or move into the form, format or media whatsoever without the prior written consent (written consent) from Focus archipelago.
Term exposure in photography can not be separated from the main factor in the photography itself is light (light). In theory exposure photography is defined as the amount of light that is allowed on the medium of film or sensor. The more light on the film or sensor then the resulting image will be brighter, and vice versa. When a photograph becomes too bright, the image is called over-exposure, are photos that are too dark so-called under-exposure. To regulate the entry of light into the camera, there are two main components, namely the shutter and aperture.
Shutter
Shutter function as a component of determining how much light is allowed to hit the sensor. At the moment the shutter button is pressed, the shutter will be open for a while and then close again. The time required for the shutter is open until closing hereinafter referred to as the shutter speed (shutter speed). The shutter speed can be set on the camera, ranging from the highest to the lowest value (this value varies for each type of camera). The faster the shutter opened the less light that can be included, otherwise the longer the shutter is open, the more light to enter the camera. Available shutter speed value (in seconds) is in the form of raw multiples rows as follows:
1 - 1/2 - 1/4 - 1/8 - 1/15 - 1/30 - 1/60 - 1/125 - 1/250 - 1/500 - 1/1000
From the series above we can see that multiples of this value is a multiple of two. So 1/30 seconds is two times slower than 1/60 sec, so if the value of the shutter on the camera was changed from 1/60 sec to 1/30 sec means the amount of light that enters the camera plus two times more than before. Likewise 1/500 sec was two times faster than 1/250 sec, so if the value changed from 1/250 sec shutter becomes 1/500 sec it means reduced amount of light entering from the previous half.
Besides useful to set the brightness of a photo, be creative with the next shutter speed can produce images of high-speed and slow-speed photograph which both have their own uniqueness and artistic value. Just use the shutter speed is too slow required a tripod to prevent blurry photos due to hand shake when shooting.
Aperture
Second exposure control is the aperture. Aperture is a part of the lens in a hole that can grow and shrink (commonly called the aperture or diaphragm), where the greater the opening then the more light that can enter, otherwise the smaller the opening, the light that can enter the less. The size of the aperture This is expressed in f-number, where the f-number large and small states bukaaan large f-number states small openings. F-number standard for modern lens is as follows (in order of largest to smallest aperture):
f / 1.4 - f / 2 - f / 2.8 - f / 4 - f / 5.6 - f / 8 - f / 11 - f / 16 - f / 22
The concept of light settings by changing the lens aperture is a bit more complicated to understand. First keep in mind, the above sequence is a multiple of the stop or the Exposure Value (EV). If we increase the aperture by one stop (eg from f / 11 to f / 8) means that we increase the amount of light that enters the camera doubled, while if we turn down the lens aperture by one stop (eg from f / 2.8 to f / 4) means that we reduce the amount of light coming into the camera as much as half.
Second, for a more precise setting, the diaphragm in a modern lens capable set in smaller steps, generally a multiple of 1/2 and 1/3 stop. For example, between f / 2.8 to f / 8 there are some f-number multiple of 1/3 with a stop (marked in blue), namely:
f / 2.8 - f / 3.2 - f / 3.5 - f / 4 - f / 4.5 - f / 5 - f / 5.6 - f / 6.3 - f / 7.1 - f / 8
From the sequence above, it appears that turns between f / 2.8 and f / 4 is still available two f-number, which represented 1/3 EV is f / 3.2 and f / 3.5. Thus we have the flexibility to control the opening of the finer and more precise.
In addition to a control brightness of a photo, be creative with the lens aperture wide variation also determines the depth image or depth-of-field. Photos taken using a large aperture will give background blur (out of focus), while a small aperture will give a sharp background.
ISO
In addition to the above two components, there is one more factor that played a role in determining exposure, ie the sensitivity of the film or sensor is commonly referred to as ASA or ISO. The sensitivity level is expressed in numbers and also made following the series multiples of two (one stop), namely:
ISO 100 - 200-400 - 800-1600 - 3200-6400
ISO 100 to ISO low (as well as a default ISO value) and the value of the sensitivity of the sensor is located at the lowest value. To make the sensor more sensitive to light, ISO value can be raised to a higher ISO values. When the ISO is increased, the sensor output voltage signal is made larger so that the camera becomes more sensitive to light. In theory, if the ISO is increased as much as one-stop means the sensor sensitivity is increased by two-fold. In everyday use, the ISO is used can use the default values in the low ISO (eg ISO 100). Higher ISO takes on two conditions, first during low-light or use in low light. Second, high ISO is required when we need a faster shutter speed. For example when using ISO 100 value obtained shutter speed is 1/500 seconds, then if the ISO is increased one stop to ISO 200 that occurs is the shutter speed is also up one stop to 1/1000 sec (assuming the lens aperture is not changed). But keep in mind that high ISO also carries consequences of noise in the picture. For film cameras, ASA value determined on film that we use so as to change the value of ASA we have to replace the film used.
Reciprocity
Set the exposure can be done manually or automatically (determined by the camera). In most compact cameras, we can not determine the value of the shutter speed or aperture. There was even a camera that does not allow us to set the ISO value, aka the camera automatically determines the ISO of each photo that we took. However, when the available camera manual exposure control, we can create adjust the exposure for each photo will take. Setting the shutter speed, aperture and ISO value right will synergize to gain exposure we want.
In practice in the field, we can produce multiple images with the same exposure generated when wearing a pair of variation shutter and aperture values are varied. For example a photograph taken with a shutter speed of 1/125 sec and aperture f / 5.6 and we want to produce another photo exposure to the same but different settings. So we can do is:
Lowering the shutter speed becomes 1/60 seconds (one stop slower) and shrink the aperture to f / 8 (one stop smaller).
Raise the shutter speed becomes 1/250 sec (one stop faster) and enlarge the aperture to f / 4 (one stop larger).
It appears that the first option we see by slowing down the shutter speed one stop means we make so much brighter picture, then to get the right exposure, we have to turn down the lens aperture to compensate.
While the second option is the opposite. By increasing the shutter speed means that we make the picture became darker and to get the right exposure, should be offset by increasing the aperture.
So when we expose the sensor for a longer time, then on the other side we have to turn down the lens aperture to reduce the incoming light so that it can obtain the same exposure value. In short, if you are a plus, the other must be reduced, so that the end result remains the same akaan. This is called the principle of reciprocity in the theory of photography. (EM)